Machu Picchu, the awe-inspiring ancient city perched high in the Andes Mountains of Peru, is a testament to the remarkable engineering and architectural prowess of the Inca civilization. Its rediscovery, however, can be credited to the adventurous spirit and scholarly pursuits of Hiram Bingham III. In this article, we will delve deeper into the life and expeditions of Hiram Bingham III, shedding light on the circumstances that led to the revelation of the secrets of Machu Picchu to the world.
Key Takeaways
- In 1908, Bingham began a series of expeditions to South America
- On July 24, 1911, guided by local farmer Melchor Arteaga, Bingham and his team ascended the Urubamba River Valley and encountered the breathtaking ruins of the now UNESCO World Heritage Site
- Beyond his achievements in archaeology, Hiram Bingham III also carved out a distinguished political career
Hiram Bingham III: A Distinguished Explorer
Here are several notable facts about the notable explorer, Hiram Bingham III:
Early Life and Academic Beginnings
Born into a family with a distinguished lineage and a tradition of public service, Hiram Bingham III spent his early years in Honolulu, Hawaii. With a thirst for knowledge and a passion for history, he commenced his academic journey at Punahou School, followed by his studies at Yale University. At Yale, Bingham honed his interests in Latin American history and geography, setting the stage for his later explorations in Peru.
The Yale-Peruvian Expeditions
In 1908, Bingham began a series of expeditions to South America, largely funded by Yale University and the National Geographic Society. These explorations were aimed at unraveling the mysteries of the Incan Empire, focusing on locating the last Incan capital, Vilcabamba. However, during his 1911 expedition, following the Urubamba River, Bingham stumbled upon the hidden ruins of Machu Picchu.
Rediscovering Machu Picchu
On July 24, 1911, guided by local farmer Melchor Arteaga, Bingham and his team ascended the Urubamba River Valley and encountered the breathtaking ruins of Machu Picchu, concealed beneath the overgrowth of centuries. This serendipitous discovery was a turning point in Bingham’s life and a milestone in archaeological history. The intricacies of the Incan citadel, the precision of its construction, and its stunning natural setting left a lasting impression on Bingham and the world.
The Lost City of the Incas
In the wake of his rediscovery of Machu Picchu, Bingham documented his findings and experiences in a series of articles and a book titled “The Lost City of the Incas.” This publication brought the ancient site to the global forefront, capturing the imagination of people and sparking a widespread interest in the ancient Incan civilization.
Legacy and Controversy
While Bingham’s contributions to the world of archaeology and his role in bringing Machu Picchu to light are undeniably significant, his approach to archaeological excavations and artifact handling have faced criticism. The controversy over the removal and exportation of artifacts from Machu Picchu to Yale University sparked a decades-long negotiation between the Peruvian government and the university. Eventually, in 2011, Yale University agreed to return the artifacts to Peru.
Later Years and Contributions
Beyond his achievements in archaeology, Hiram Bingham III also carved out a distinguished political career. He served as a U.S. Senator from Connecticut, championing various causes and initiatives. Despite his achievements in politics, Bingham’s role as the discoverer of Machu Picchu remains an enduring legacy, shaping the understanding and appreciation of ancient civilizations in Peru and beyond.
Final Word
In conclusion, Hiram Bingham III’s expeditions and discovery of Machu Picchu were pivotal in illuminating the rich history and cultural heritage of the Incan Empire. While his methods have faced criticism, the significance of his rediscovery and subsequent documentation of Machu Picchu cannot be understated, and it continues to captivate and get great travel reviews worldwide.
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