EP1909259A2 - Accordion - Google Patents

Abstract

The harmonica or accordion has a discant part with a discant mechanism and a base part with a bass mechanism. The discant mechanism and/or bass mechanism are designed in order to ensure direct and/or uniform speeches of all possible tones. The discant mechanism has two rows of key levers (24), which are rotatably supported at parallel axis. The bass part has a flap cover (25), which is impressed using a push rod for opening air channels in an interior of an instrument.

Description

The present invention relates to a harmonica or accordion according to the preamble of claim 1. More specifically, the present invention is concerned with the treble and bass mechanics as well as the arrangement and number of voice sticks and helicon tuning plates of a harmonica or accordion.

State of the art

In accordions and accordions are known in practice in both treble and in the bass part lever with an operation button available. The mode of operation here is such that the bellows is stretched by pulling on the base part and filled with air. When a button is pressed during the pulling operation, the air flows through an opening from the outside through an array of one or more reed plates (n), causing the respective reeds to move, thereby creating a sound. If pressure is exerted on the base part in the case of an air-filled bellows, an excess pressure is created in the bellows. When a key is pressed, the air flows in the opposite direction from the inside of the instrument to the outside and also vibrates one or more reeds in this way, which in turn creates a sound.

Both in the treble and in the bass section, the mechanical actuation of the button is transmitted via a lever linkage with at least one hinge axis on a flap. This flap opens a correspondingly provided opening.

The so-called "Styrian" harmonica, the example of which the invention is predominantly depicted here, is the characteristic form of a diatonic harmonica, which is used in folk music, especially in Bavaria, Austria, South Tyrol and Slovenia, and has decisively shaped it ,

In Styrian or diatonic harmonicas and chromatic button accordions, there are basically two types of treble keyboards and treble mechanics, namely the "hidden" keyboard and the "open" keyboard.

In the case of the "concealed" keyboard, the actual mechanism is constructed in a grip area that has been largely recessed, whereby the individual keys are fastened to a stainless steel axle, for example by brass straps. As optical termination, prior to mechanics, i. mounted in front of the button levers, a plate in which holes for the operation buttons are inserted, so that only the operation buttons are visible. In the hidden mechanics, the key levers are mounted on a common axis, in rare cases on instruments with five rows of keys on two axes.

In the "open" keyboard, however, not only the operation keys, but also the key lever are visible from above. For each key lever a separate groove-like depression is milled into the handle part, in which the key lever are inserted, so that they can be fixed by a stainless steel axis. The axial movement of the individual keys is prevented by the side walls of the groove-like depressions. With the open keyboard, the keys are mounted on one to two axes on instruments with three and four rows of keys. Instruments with five rows of keys usually have three axes for storage of the key lever. The most common form in the Styrian harmonicas are instruments with three or four rows of keys. Generally there are accordions and accordions with one to five, in rare cases more than five rows of keys.

In both of these keyboards, the outermost rows of keys on the handle portion of the instrument operate via long key levers, the openings of the vocal cords closest to the front of the instrument, which then operate the next inner row of keys via distinguishably shorter key levers, the next inner cue. The same applies to the subsequent rows of keys to the innermost row of keys that uses the short key lever, the openings of the back of the handle of the instrument closest vocal stock.

In the bass or accompaniment mechanics, according to the prior art, each thrust movement of a key press in the case of diatonic harmonica via at least two pivot bearing, in the case of the chromatic accordion over more than four mutually movable elements, transferred to the flap cover, so that the pushing movement of an actuated Bass or Accompaniment key is deflected in a final rotational movement about an axis that leads to the flap cover or the lever to the flap lid. The flip cover (s) are turned outward with the bass or accompaniment key depressed, opening openings that lead to the bass and accompaniment voices. The bass keys are supported by recesses on the fingerboard of the bass section in translation guides.

In order to achieve broad and full tones, two-, three- or multi-choir voices are generally incorporated into the treble part of harmonica and accordion. Two-guitars in treble parts means that when a key is pressed to produce a specific tone, two tongues are vibrated whose frequencies differ by a beat of up to six hertz. For bass and accompaniment of chromatic instruments, the bass usually consists of a basic bass and a matching octave of the accompaniment set and the accompanying chord composed of three individual tones of the accompaniment set by means of a mechanical system of transmission shafts, button slides, shaft and driving pins. The basses of the diatonic harmonica are subdivided according to the type of sound produced into tightly composed bass parts and accompanying chords.

The special sound of so-called helicopter basses is based, among other things, on the use of large tongues. In the case of the heliconic basses, a distinction is also made between monozygotic and polychoral, for example, depending on the number of tongues vibrated to produce a sound. two-notes, basses or voices (accompanying chords, on the other hand, are always only one-part). For example, two tongues are vibrated by the pressure and suction air at two-key Helikonbässen at the touch of a button, for example, the fundamental tone C and its upper octave c. In dreichörigen basses heard in addition to the root C and its upper octave c the overlying double octave c '. In contrast to the parts of the treble part, in polyphonic basses no beats are produced, but at least two identical or exactly one octave different tones. The use of polyphonic, especially zweichörigen Helikonbässen is particularly desirable, since a fuller and more uniform sound is achieved.

A well-known in the art type of construction of the bass part of a harmonica or accordion with Helikonbässen according to the prior art uses voice plates, in which two reeds already (reeds and its upper octave) are provided for both Luftströmrichtungen. These reeds have four reeds. Other known designs use two separate voice plates, one producing the fundamental tone in both directions of airflow, and the second usually generating the first upper octave in both directions of airflow. These reeds each have two reeds.

All designs of the prior art have the disadvantage that they are expensive and have design-related functional and arrangement disadvantages.

task

The invention aims to provide a harmonica whose mechanics are simple and functionally and arrangementally better than in the prior art.

This object is achieved with a harmonica according to claim 1.

• die unterschiedlichen Hebelwirkungen der Tastatur vor allem der Diskantmechanik zu vereinheitlichen, und/oder
• eine direktere Ansprache insbesondere der Bassmechanik zu ermöglichen, und/oder
• die Ergonomie der Mechaniken zu erhöhen, und/oder
• infolge der Umsortierung der Stimmplatten eine Platzoptimierung zu schaffen, die eine Erhöhung der Anzahl der Helikonbässe in zweichöriger Ausführung bei gleicher Baugröße ermöglicht.

In particular and in an advantageous manner, the invention achieves its basic design as well as its various additional further developments, as indicated, inter alia, in the dependent claims,

• to standardize the different leverage effects of the keyboard, especially the treble mechanics, and / or
• to allow a more direct approach, in particular the bass mechanics, and / or
• to increase the ergonomics of the mechanics, and / or
• to create a space optimization due to the re-sorting of the voice plates, which allows an increase in the number of helicopter basses in zweichöriger execution with the same size.

The treble mechanics has in the previously known constructions both in "open" and "hidden" execution the disadvantage that in a equipped with several rows of keys harmonica due to the different spacing of the key rows as well as due to the different distance of the voice sticks to the axes not only different lever lengths, but also provide particularly long lever lengths for outer rows of keys. The lever lengths and leverage ratios are exemplified by a 4-row harmonica with "open" mechanics in Fig. 2 and shown as an exploded view of the treble lever in Fig. 3b. Corresponding designs are also common with two, three or more than four rows.

An attempt is made to compensate for the different lever forces in the static case by differently strong, acting on the lever springs. When operating the key lever, however, the different moments of inertia of different lengths levers noticeably affect. Outer rows of keys therefore appear softer, more indirect and more sedate than inner rows of keys. An advantage of the invention in corresponding embodiments, it is over this disadvantage of the prior art, the key lever lengths and key lever length ratios across all rows of keys to match and keep the lever lengths while generally short and thus to be able to produce across all rows of keys away constant feel of the keyboard.

For this purpose, as stated in the corresponding dependent claims, the voice sticks are sorted in reversed order to the previously known construction on a purpose specially shaped treble so that using a number of button rows preferably the same number of axes, which are positioned so that the distances to keys and keys are at least substantially the same across all key levers, the key lever lengths and keys lever length ratios are insignificantly different, at least substantially the same, over all key levers of the entire keyboard. The outermost rows of keys thereby serve the openings of the vocal stock nearest the back of the instrument, the second outermost row of keys that of the second closest to the back, and so on, to the innermost row of keys which serve the openings of the vocal stock closest to the front of the instrument.

The bass mechanics of accordions and accordions have a number of joints, swivel axes and other, design-related Transmission elements mechanical disadvantages in the form of friction at these joints and / or used push and slide transmissions, as well as by torsional stresses of the linkage along the wire axis. The increased elasticity of a wire or rod in torsion about or along the wire axis causes a tactile and undesirable softness of mechanical transmission from the bass button to the flap cover. In addition, every joint required for transmission shows signs of wear after some time, which do not allow a permanent and exact function of the mechanism. The arrangement and use of rotary and transmission elements is shown in the case of the diatonic harmonica using the example of the Styrian harmonica in FIG. 2 and in the case of the chromatic accordion in FIG.

Advantageously, in corresponding embodiments of the invention, the bass mechanics changed so that in the case of diatonic harmonica no joints and no rotation of a transmitting element and more by the same application in the chromatic accordion a maximum of three rotatable or steerable designed transfer elements between the bass or accompaniment keys and the associated flap lids occur.

This is achieved according to the respective dependent claims by reversing the valve opening direction. While according to the prior art flap lid always open to the outside, away from the interior, according to these embodiments of the invention, the flap opening is executed inwardly. In the case of diatonic harmonicas, the transmission linkage is a pure push linkage which has no articulation or rotation elements and, in the case of chromatic instruments, is reduced to substantially fewer transmission elements in comparison to previous designs. The conical shape of the flap lid, which sinks when closing in the partition wall, allows a reduction in the space requirement of the lid inside the instrument to the passageway between shaft walls and To open flap covers for the air flow as far as possible.

The installation of twelve at least two-horned Helikonbässen, so bass tunes with a larger dimension and thus richer sound performance and thus according to the sound of the Styrian harmonica is desired in chromatic and diatonic instruments. The possibilities to realize this in these instruments, however, is limited by the available space and coupled to the manner in which the voice plates are arranged. In an advantageous combination with the bass mechanism described here, a different arrangement structure is possible for the reed plates, which opens up a use advantage of the available space in the instrument.

In the case of the Styrian harmonica, it is mainly desired to extend the range to the chromatic scale without tonal smears. This requires the inclusion of additional voice plates. An increase in the number of helicopter basses in conventional designs, therefore, an increase in the dimensions of the harmonica result, which, however, the characteristic appearance of the instrument and its manageability are significantly impaired. For these reasons, one is forced to compromise in the conventional construction of the Styrian harmonica. For example, some of the less played helicopter basses will only be single-tracked. The recording of further basses, even if it is only a monogamous, is limited.

Various prior art designs therefore attempt to utilize the space inside the instrument and in the bellows cavity to increase the number of helicopters in the case of diatonic harmonics and to increase the dimensions of the reeds in the case of the chromatic accordion. This project either parts that are responsible for the generation of bass tones, such as voice plates, or the or a companion voice in the bellows cavity (see Fig. 5a, 5b, 5c). However, the space available inside the bellows is limited by the bellows folds protruding into the interior of the instrument. The AT 402 241 B describes the possibility of increasing the number of helicopter basses of a Styrian harmonica without altering the design or size by means of a second bass case floor, which projects into the bellows area. But even this design does not allow the installation of more than 10 helicopter basses in duplicate with respect to the usual size. However, it is in the general interest of harmonica and accordion players to extend the pitch of a bass side with heliconic basses at the same and instrumentally typical size, as this increases the musical bandwidth of the instrument, and to expand the sound of the basses by installing Helikonbässen.

Advantageously, according to corresponding embodiments, the sorting of the bass control panels in the bass section and the Kanzellenräume and air ducts designed so that without exceeding the conventional sizes, an installation of 12 zweichörigen Helikonbässen in the chromatic accordion and in the case of diatonic harmonica an extension of the range on the one chromatic scale is possible.

According to corresponding dependent claims, this is accomplished by incorporating two separate reeds, one producing the fundamental and the second either the same root or first octave thereto. It is to create the condition that no component, which is responsible for generating the bass tones, protrudes into the bellows cavity and the width of a bass shaft does not exceed the dimension of a monochrome Helikonbassstimmplatte. This construction makes it possible, on the one hand, to utilize the full width of the bass enclosure for the installation of twelve two-armed helicopter basses and, on the other hand, that the bellows cavity is available for an extension of the accompanying chord arrangement. The same arrangement with identical sound character can be built into the chromatic accordion in combination with the described bass mechanics. The two voice plates are arranged in the first variant perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to each other. The Grundtonstimmplatte is installed at least substantially horizontally and leaves on the side facing the back of the voice plate a sufficiently large air opening between the voice plate and the rear wall of the base part for the second voice plate free. The second voice plate is installed standing parallel or nearly parallel to the back of the base part, wherein the cavity between the voice plate and the rear wall of the base part is used as Kanzellenraum this voice plate. In a second variant, the second voice plate is arranged parallel or nearly parallel over the Grundtonstimmplatte, wherein the air duct of these opens into a sufficiently large opening between the first Grundtonstimmplatte and the back of the instrument. The second voice plate can be designed as a second fundamental tone or optionally first upper octave to the fundamental tone.

The invention is used to achieve the o.g. Objective in particular created a harmonica or an accordion, containing a Diskantteil with a treble mechanics and a Bassteil with a bass mechanics, the treble mechanics and / or the bass mechanics is / is designed to direct and / or for all sounds as uniform as possible addressing the sound production guarantee.

This is preferably and further developed with advantage such that the treble mechanics comprises at least two rows of key levers which are pivotably mounted on parallel axes and keys with respect to the respective axis on one side at a key distance L1 from the respective axis keys and on the other side in a flap distance L2 from the respective axis flap lid are assigned, and that with respect to different rows of button levers, the key spacings L1 are at least approximately equal and the flap distances L2 are at least approximately equal.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided with advantage and advantageously that the treble mechanics comprise at least two rows of key levers which are pivotally mounted on parallel axes and keys with respect to the respective axis on one side at a key distance L1 from the respective axis keys and at the other Side are assigned in a flap distance L2 of the respective axis flap lid, and that with respect to different rows of button levers, the aspect ratios L1 / L2 of the key distances L1 to the flap distances L2 are at least approximately equal.

Further advantageous embodiments are that the treble part with the treble mechanics contains at least two rows arranged keys on key levers, the key levers of the keys of a series are pivotally mounted on a common axis and openings by means of flap openings in a Diskantboden to behind lying vocal sticks with voice plates and Close the reeds and release on actuation of the associated key, and / or that the bass part contains the bass mechanism with flap lids and rods, buttons and an array of reeds and reeds, a key press releases a corresponding air channel to the reeds and reeds.

1. a) Eine Harmonika oder ein Akkordeon, wobei die zu einer gemeinsamen Reihe von Tasten gehörenden Tastenhebel des Diskantteils gemeinsam und ausschließlich auf jeweils einer der bei Harmonikas oder Akkordeons mit vier Knopfreihen vorzugsweise vier Achsen so gelagert sind, dass
   die äußerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Rückseite des Instruments nächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen,
   die zweitäußerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Rückseite des Instruments zweitnächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen,
   die zweitinnerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Vorderseite des Instruments zweitnächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen, und
   die innerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Vorderseite des Instruments nächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen.
2. b) Eine Harmonika oder ein Akkordeon, wobei die zu einer gemeinsamen Reihe von Tasten gehörenden Tastenhebel des Diskantteils gemeinsam und ausschließlich auf jeweils einer der bei Harmonikas oder Akkordeons mit zwei Knopfreihen vorzugsweise zwei Achsen so gelagert sind, dass
   die äußerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Rückseite des Instruments nächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen, und
   die innerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Vorderseite des Instruments nächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen.
3. c) Eine Harmonika oder ein Akkordeon, wobei die zu einer gemeinsamen Reihe von Tasten gehörenden Tastenhebel des Diskantteils gemeinsam und ausschließlich auf jeweils einer der bei Harmonikas oder Akkordeons mit drei Knopfreihen vorzugsweise drei Achsen so gelagert sind, dass
   die äußerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Rückseite des Instruments nächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen,
   die zweitäußerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Rückseite des Instruments zweitnächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen, und
   dass die innerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckel die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Vorderseite des Instruments nächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen.
4. d) Eine Harmonika oder ein Akkordeon, wobei die zu einer gemeinsamen Reihe von Tasten gehörenden Tastenhebel des Diskantteils gemeinsam und ausschließlich auf jeweils einer der bei Harmonikas oder Akkordeons mit fünf Knopfreihen vorzugsweise fünf Achsen so gelagert sind, dass
   die äußerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Rückseite des Instruments nächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen,
   die zweitäußerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Rückseite des Instruments zweitnächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen,
   die drittäußerste oder mittlere Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Rückseite des Instruments drittnächstliegenden oder mittleren Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen,
   die zweitinnerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Vorderseite des Instruments zweitnächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen, und
   die innerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Vorderseite des Instruments nächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen.
5. e) Eine Harmonika oder ein Akkordeon, wobei die zu einer gemeinsamen Reihe von Tasten gehörenden Tastenhebel des Diskantteils gemeinsam und ausschließlich auf jeweils einer der bei Harmonikas oder Akkordeons mit sechs Knopfreihen vorzugsweise sechs Achsen so gelagert sind, dass
   die äußerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Rückseite des Instruments nächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen,
   die zweitäußerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Rückseite des Instruments zweitnächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen,
   die drittäußerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Rückseite des Instruments drittnächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen,
   die drittinnerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Vorderseite des Instruments drittnächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen,
   die zweitinnerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Vorderseite des Instruments zweitnächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen, und
   die innerste Reihe der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Vorderseite des Instruments nächstliegenden Öffnungen des dahinter liegenden Stimmstocks verschließen.
6. f) Eine Harmonika oder ein Akkordeon, wobei die zu einer Gruppe von gemeinsamen Reihen von Tasten gehörenden Tastenhebel des Diskantteils gemeinsam und ausschließlich auf jeweils einer der Achsen so gelagert sind, dass
   die äußerste Gruppe von Reihen der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Rückseite des Instruments nächstliegenden Öffnungen mit dahinter liegenden Gruppe von Stimmstöcken verschließen,
   die zweitäußerste Gruppe von Reihen der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Rückseite des Instruments zweitnächstliegenden Öffnungen mit dahinter liegenden Gruppe von Stimmstöcken verschließen, und
   dass die innerste Gruppe von Reihen der Tasten mittels der Tastenhebel, die auf einer Achse schwenkgelagert sind, mit den daran befestigten Klappendeckeln die im Diskantboden vorgesehenen, der Vorderseite des Instruments nächstliegenden Öffnungen mit dahinter liegenden Gruppe von Stimmstöcken verschließen.

In a harmonica or accordion, containing a Diskantteil with buttons on button levers, which are pivotally mounted on a handle portion, and closes by means of flap lids openings in a Diskantboden behind it with vocal cords with reeds and reeds, and a bass part with keys and a bass mechanism with flap lids and linkages, an arrangement of reeds and reeds, at least one companion voice with reeds and reeds and optionally Basstrichtern are hereinafter exemplified embodiments advantageous and preferred:

1. a) a harmonica or an accordion, wherein the belonging to a common set of keys key lever of the treble part are stored together and exclusively on each one of harmonics or accordions with four rows of knobs preferably four axes so that
   the outermost row of keys, by means of the key levers pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close the openings of the behind the vocal cord, which are provided in the treble bottom, and which are closest to the back of the instrument;
   the second outermost row of keys by means of the key levers pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close off the openings of the behind the vocal stock, which are provided in the treble bottom, and which are closest to the back of the instrument;
   the second innermost row of keys by means of the key levers pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close off the openings of the behind the voice stick, which are provided in the treble bottom, and which are closest to the front of the instrument;
   the innermost row of keys by means of the key levers, which are pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close the openings of the behind-positioned vocal pot, which are provided in the treble ground, and which are closest to the front of the instrument.
2. b) A harmonica or an accordion, wherein the belonging to a common set of keys key lever of the treble part together and exclusively on each one of harmonics or accordions with two rows of knobs preferably two axes are mounted so that
   the outermost row of keys, by means of the key levers pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close the openings of the behind the vocal cord, which are provided in the treble bottom, and nearest the back of the instrument, and
   the innermost row of keys by means of the key levers, which are pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close the openings of the behind-positioned vocal pot, which are provided in the treble ground, and which are closest to the front of the instrument.
3. c) A harmonica or an accordion, wherein the belonging to a common set of keys key lever of the treble part together and exclusively on each one of harmonics or accordions with three rows of knobs preferably three axes are mounted so that
   the outermost row of keys, by means of the key levers pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close the openings of the behind the vocal cord, which are provided in the treble bottom, and which are closest to the back of the instrument;
   the second outermost row of keys by means of the key levers, which are pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close the openings of the behind the vocal stock, which are provided in the treble bottom, and which are closest to the back of the instrument;
   that the innermost row of the keys by means of the key levers, which are pivotally mounted on an axis, with the flap lid attached thereto, close the openings of the behind the vocal piece located in the treble bottom, the front of the instrument nearest.
4. d) A harmonica or an accordion, wherein the belonging to a common set of keys key lever of the treble part are stored together and exclusively on each one of harmonics or accordions with five rows of knobs preferably five axes so that
   the outermost row of keys, by means of the key levers pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close the openings of the behind the vocal cord, which are provided in the treble bottom, and which are closest to the back of the instrument;
   the second outermost row of keys by means of the key levers pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close off the openings of the behind the vocal stock, which are provided in the treble bottom, and which are closest to the back of the instrument;
   the third outermost or middle row of the keys, by means of the key levers pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close the openings in the rootstock provided in the treble bottom, the third nearest or backward of the back of the instrument,
   the second innermost row of keys by means of the key levers pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close off the openings of the behind the voice stick, which are provided in the treble bottom, and which are closest to the front of the instrument;
   the innermost row of keys by means of the key levers, which are pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close the openings of the behind-positioned vocal pot, which are provided in the treble ground, and which are closest to the front of the instrument.
5. e) A harmonica or an accordion, wherein the belonging to a common set of keys key lever of the treble part together and exclusively on each one of six or six rows of accordions preferably six axes are mounted so that
   the outermost row of keys, by means of the key levers pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close the openings of the behind the vocal cord, which are provided in the treble bottom, and which are closest to the back of the instrument;
   the second outermost row of keys by means of the key levers pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close off the openings of the behind the vocal stock, which are provided in the treble bottom, and which are closest to the back of the instrument;
   the third outermost row of the keys, by means of the key levers pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close the openings of the behind the vocal stock, which are provided in the treble floor and which are third closest to the back of the instrument;
   closing the third-innermost row of keys by means of the key levers pivoting on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, closing the openings of the behind-positioned vocal cord, which are provided in the treble bottom, and which are third closest to the front of the instrument;
   the second innermost row of keys by means of the key levers pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close off the openings of the behind the voice stick, which are provided in the treble bottom, and which are closest to the front of the instrument;
   the innermost row of keys by means of the key levers, which are pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close the openings of the behind-positioned vocal pot, which are provided in the treble ground, and which are closest to the front of the instrument.
6. f) A harmonica or an accordion, wherein the belonging to a group of common rows of keys key lever of the treble part together and exclusively on each one of the axes are mounted so that
   the outermost group of rows of keys by means of the key levers pivoting on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto, close the openings in the treble bottom, the openings nearest the back of the instrument, with the group of vocal cords lying behind them;
   the second outermost group of rows of keys by means of the key levers, which are pivotally mounted on an axis, with the flap lids attached thereto close the provided in the treble floor, the back of the instrument next nearest openings behind it with group of vocal cords, and
   that the innermost group of rows of keys by means of the key levers, which are pivoted on an axis, with the flap lids fastened thereto, close the openings provided in the treble ground, the front side of the instrument with the group of vocal cords behind.

As already explained in a similar way in another formulation, it is further preferred if the lengths L1 and L2 and length ratios L1 / L2 of all key levers in the treble part are at most negligibly different.

A further advantageous embodiment is that the treble mechanics contains at least two rows of key levers which are pivotally mounted on parallel axes, and that in the treble part a treble base is shaped so that each axis in or next to the plane parallel through the closing surface of a Flap lid, whose key lever is mounted on exactly this axis, is clamped, lies.

• Es ist somit ferner vorteilhaft, wenn die Klappendeckel mittels eines Schubgestänges zum Öffnen der Luftkanäle in das Instrumenteninnere eingedrückt werden und die Betätigung der Tasten durch ein Schubgestänge ohne Drehgelenke und ohne schwenkbar auf Achsen gelagert zu sein, auf die Klappendeckel überträgt.

The following further embodiments are worthy of protection even without the above-mentioned and explained variants of the accordion or the accordion, comprising a treble part with buttons on key levers which are pivotally mounted on a handle part, and by means of flap covers openings in a treble bottom with behind vocal cords with tuning plates and reeds, and a bass section with keys and a bass mechanism with flap lids and linkage, an arrangement of reeds and reeds, at least one accompaniment voice board with reeds and reeds and possibly bass reverbs:

• It is thus also advantageous if the flap lid are pressed by means of a push rod to open the air channels in the instrument interior and the operation of the keys by a push rod without swivel joints and without pivotally mounted on axles, transfers to the flap lid.

In a further development of this is provided with preference that the base part flap lid contains, which are pressed by means of a push rod for opening air ducts in the instrument interior, and that the push rod transmits the operation of keys in particular without pivoting and pivot axis free on the flap cover.

Yet another preferred embodiment is that the flap cover are conically shaped, the side of the flap cover directed towards the instrument interior does not differ or not significantly differ in shape from the side of the flap cover facing the outside of the instrument, but the two sides are of different sizes and depress the flap lid with not pressed keys in accordance with the flap lid conically shaped openings.

This is preferably further developed in that flap cover are provided in the base part, which are conically shaped and sink at not pressed keys in accordance with the flap caps conically shaped openings.

It is also advantageous if an arrangement of Helikonstimmplatten is selected in the base part that can be installed with conventional design without significant change in the instrument-typical size more than 10 zweichörige Helikonbässe.

It may also preferably be provided that in the base part an arrangement of helicon tuning plates is chosen so that in conventional construction without significant change in size and the same number of helicopter basses a significant gain in space inside the instrument is to bring about.

A still further preferred embodiment is that in the base part, the width of air ducts and chamber spaces is not substantially greater than the width of each executed with only one reed for an air flow Helikonstimmplatten, preferably arranged at least approximately perpendicular to each other in the manner are that to a reed plate, which lies horizontally at the upper edge of the base part and on its side directed to the back of the instrument sufficiently large air opening for a seated behind this opening, second voice plate, this second reed plate is installed so that no component , which is necessary for the production of the bass tones, higher than the base part itself and does not project into the cavity of a bellows arranged between the base part and the discant part and in particular at the same time each of the basses is zweichörig.

According to an alternative to this, it is provided with preference that in the base part the width of air ducts and chamber spaces is not substantially greater than the width of each with only one reed for an air flow direction Helikonstimmplatten, preferably arranged at least approximately parallel standing in the manner are that to a reed plate, which is horizontal and on its rear side of the instrument side facing a sufficiently large air opening for a seated behind this opening, second reed plate, this second reed plate is installed, so that no component that is used for the production the bass sounds is necessary, is higher than the base part itself and does not protrude into the cavity of a arranged between the base part and the Diskantteil bellows and in particular at the same time each of the bass is zweichörig.

In an advantageous manner, it can also be provided that an emerging between the back of the base part and a preferably at least almost perpendicular voice plate Cavity as a pulpit space is available or used.

It can also be provided with advantage that in the bass section standing or lying reeds have reeds with the same root and the same length as reeds of a same air duct.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if standing in the bass section or lying reeds plates have reeds with the same root as and shorter length than reeds of a same air duct.

In addition, it can also be provided, in particular, that reed plates standing in the bass section have reeds with the first upper octave to the root note and shorter overall length than reeds of a same air channel.

Yet another preferred embodiment is that in the base part accompanying stalks are provided, of which at least one does not exceed the height of the base part and does not protrude into the cavity of a bellows arranged between the base part and the discant part.

Even more preferred and / or advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the claims and their combinations as well as the entire present application documents.

embodiments

Fig. 1

schematisch einen Querschnitt des erfindungsgemäßen Aufbaus einer steirische Harmonika zeigt, welche eine Diskantmechanik, eine Bassmechanik und die Anordnungen der tonerzeugenden Elemente darstellt, wobei aus Gründen der Zweckmäßigkeit lediglich die für die Beschreibung der Erfindung relevanten Elemente dargestellt sind,

Fig. 2

einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform einer steirische Harmonika gemäß dem Stand der Technik darstellt,

Fig. 3a

eine schematische Explosionszeichnung der erfindungsgemäßen Tastenhebel der Diskantmechanik mit Tasten und Klappendeckel ist,

Fig. 3b

eine schematische Explosionszeichnung der Tastenhebel einer Diskantmechanik mit Tasten und Klappendeckel einer gemäß dem Stand der Technik bekannten Ausführungsform ist,

Fig. 4a

schematisch den Querschnitt in Seitenansicht (links) und eine in versetzte Querschnitte eingeteilte Vorderansicht (rechts) des erfindungsgemäßen Bassteils nach einer ersten Variante zeigt,

Fig. 4b

schematisch die gleichen Ansichten wie in der Fig. 4a mit gedrungenerer Bauhöhe, wobei die Proportionen bekannten und üblichen Bauweisen der steirischen Harmonika entsprechen, und wobei die vorzugsweise stehende Helikonstimmplatte (2b) hier in verkürzter Bauform vorgesehen ist,

Fig. 4c

schematisch den Querschnitt in Seitenansicht (links) und eine in versetzte Querschnitte eingeteilte Vorderansicht (rechts) des erfindungsgemäßen Bassteils nach einer zweiten Variante zeigt,

Fig. 5a, 5b und 5c

schematisch die in versetzte Querschnitte eingeteilten Vorderansichten verschiedener Ausführungsformen des Bassteils gemäß dem Stand der Technik zeigen,

Fig. 6

zwei perspektivische schematische Darstellungen eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäß konischen Klappendeckel für die Bassmechanik als gesonderte Baugruppe veranschaulicht,

Fig. 7

die Auszüge der erfindungsgemäßen Bassund Begleitmechanik eines chromatischen Akkordeons unter Nutzung der Baugruppe entsprechend der Fig. 6 schematisch zeigt, und

Fig. 8

die Auszüge einer Bass- und Begleitmechanik eines chromatischen Akkordeons gemäß dem Stand der Technik schematisch zeigt.

The invention will be explained in more detail by way of example only with reference to exemplary embodiments, with reference to the drawings, in which:

Fig. 1

schematically shows a cross section of the structure according to the invention of a Styrian harmonica, which is a treble mechanics, represents a bass mechanism and the arrangements of the sound-generating elements, wherein for reasons of expediency only the elements relevant to the description of the invention are shown,

Fig. 2

FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section through an embodiment of a Styrian accordion according to the prior art, FIG.

Fig. 3a

a schematic exploded view of the key lever according to the invention the treble mechanics with buttons and flap cover is

Fig. 3b

1 is a schematic exploded view of the key lever of a treble mechanics with keys and flap cover of an embodiment known in the prior art,

Fig. 4a

schematically shows the cross section in side view (left) and divided into offset cross sections front view (right) of the base part according to the invention according to a first variant,

Fig. 4b

schematically the same views as in Fig. 4a with squat height, the proportions of known and conventional designs of the Styrian harmonica correspond, and wherein the preferably standing Helikonstimmplatte (2b) is provided here in a shortened design,

Fig. 4c

schematically shows the cross section in side view (left) and divided into offset cross sections front view (right) of the base part according to the invention according to a second variant,

Fig. 5a, 5b and 5c

schematically show the front views of various embodiments of the base part according to the prior art, divided into staggered cross sections;

Fig. 6

two perspective schematic representations of an embodiment of the invention conical flap cover for bass mechanics illustrated as a separate module,

Fig. 7

the extracts of the bass and accompanying mechanism according to the invention of a chromatic accordion using the assembly according to FIG. 6 schematically shows, and

Fig. 8

the extracts of a bass and accompanying mechanism of a chromatic accordion according to the prior art schematically shows.

With reference to the embodiments and examples of application described below and illustrated in the drawings, the invention is explained only by way of example, that is, it is not limited to these embodiments and applications or to the respective feature combinations within individual embodiments and applications. Procedural and

Device features also result analogously from device or process descriptions.

Individual features that are indicated and / or illustrated in connection with specific embodiments are not limited to these embodiments or the combination with the other features of these embodiments, but may in the context of the technically possible, with any other variants, even if they in the documents are not treated separately.

The same reference numerals in the individual figures and illustrations of the drawings designate the same or similar or identical or similar components. On the basis of the representations in the drawing, those features are also clear, which are not provided with reference numerals, regardless of whether such features are described below or not. On the other hand, features that are included in the present description but are not visible or illustrated in the drawing will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of a harmonica constructed according to the invention, which contains a treble part 18 with open treble mechanics, a base part 33 and a bellows 31 located therebetween. The treble part 18 consists of a fingerboard 21, button levers 24 with buttons 23 and flap lids 25 and thereto arranged vocal sticks 27. On the fingerboard, the keys 23 are arranged in four rows and respectively via the key lever 24 with the attached at the other end of the key lever flap covers 25th connected, the openings 26 in the treble base 19 close. The key lever 24 are pivotally mounted on axes 22. The key lever 24 are largely covered by the axes 22 to including the flap cover 25 of a top plate 30.

By means of a compression spring 20, the key lever 24 is biased so that the flap cover 25 in the idle state, the openings 26 in the treble base 19 close. Behind the openings 26 are in the instrument inside voice sticks 27 with reed plates 28, wherein reeds 29 are arranged. These reeds 29 each generate a sound when pressed or pulled on the base part while pressing the buttons 23, whereby the flap cover 25, the openings 26 release.

The keys of the row of keys 23 a actuate the pivotally mounted on the axis 22 a key lever 24 with flap lids 25 which close the openings 26 to the underlying, the row of keys 23 a next voice pole 27 a.

The keys of the row of keys 23 b actuate the pivotally mounted on the axis 22 b key lever 24 with flap lids 25 which close the openings 26 with the underlying verbunar 27 b.

The keys of the row of keys 23 c actuate the pivotally mounted on the axis 22 c button lever 24 with flap lids 25, which close the openings 26 with the underlying vocal cords 27 c.

The keys of the row of keys 23 d actuate the pivotally mounted on the axis 22 d key lever 24 with flap lids 25, which close the openings 26 with the underlying of the row of keys 23 d furthest away dowel 27 d.

The voice sticks 27 are arranged on the disc shaped bottom 19 according to the invention so that the order of the rows of keys 23 a, b, c, d from outside to inside in the order of the voice sticks 27 a, b, c, d reflected from back to front, wherein behind as the side of the instrument applies to the handle part 21 sits.

To the treble part 18 of the bellows 31 connects. At the side opposite the diskant 18 side of the bellows 31 is the base part 33rd

The bass section 33 consists of an arrangement of Helikonstimmplatten 2 a and 2 b with reeds 3 a and 3 b and Kanzellenräumen 1. He also has a companion voice 4 with voice plates 5 and 4 reeds. The base part 33 externally shows a plurality of basal funnels (not visible) as sound outlets, a hand strap 36 and several harmonica feet 35. The bass buttons 12 are arranged in rows, two rows being shown by way of example.

According to the invention conical flap lid 9, 10 close at rest according to conically shaped openings in the open state, the air flow generated by pulling and pressing the base 33 from the Balginneren or in the Balginnere by the voice plates 2a, 2b, 5 and reeds 3a, 3b, 6, whereby the reeds 3a, 3b, 6 produce a sound. If the voice plates 5 are addressed with the reeds 6 of the accompanying voice stick 4, an opening 8 is provided for the air flow. A conically shaped flap lid 11 closes a correspondingly conical opening, which leads directly into the interior of the instrument, which allows air to be supplied into and removed from the bellows 31 without producing any sound. The flap lid 11 is operated by means of an air key 34.

The conically shaped flap cover 9, 10, 11 are pressed according to the invention by transmitting the keystroke of the bass buttons 12 and the air key 34 by means of a push rod 14 without pivot or axle joints in the instrument interior to release the openings for the air flow. The push rod 14 is mounted on a guide 40, 43, 45. The adjusting rod attached to the push rod 42, 47 takes on pressing the bass buttons 12 or the air key 34 compression springs 41, 46 and pushes against the edge of a guide 40, 45 and generates the restoring force of the flap lid 9, 11 to push the flap lid 9, 11 back into the openings when releasing the bass button 12 or the air key 34. The flap cover 10 takes in the same way as adjusting rings 42, 47 with a compression spring 44 and pushes it against the edge of a guide 43 of the push rod and thus generates the restoring force for the flap cover 10 to push it back when released into the opening.

The compression springs 41, 44, 46 are biased at rest so that they press the flap lid 9, 10, 11 sufficiently strong in the associated openings, so that no air flow without pressing the bass buttons 12 or the air key 34 take place in or out of the instrument can.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a harmonica known from the prior art, in which the same numbering as in FIG. 1 has been selected. 2 differs from the harmonica according to the invention in that in the treble part 18 the order of the voice sticks 27 a, b, c, d from back to front is reversed to the order of the key rows 23 a, b, c, d is from outside to inside, the keys of the row of keys 23 a with the flap covers 25, the openings 26 of the outermost row of keys 23 a farthest voice block 27 a, the keys of the next inner row of keys 23 b of the next inner sound board 27 b, etc. to towards the keys of the row of keys 23 d which serve the openings 26 of the key row 23 d nearest vocal cord 27, and secondly in that the treble base 19 is flat and / or has no deformations.

The bass part of the accordion according to the invention in FIG. 1 differs from the bass part of the accordion according to the invention in that the bass tune plates 2 are all arranged side by side and horizontally so that the flap lids 9, 10, 11 close the openings from the outside the Flap lid 9, 10, 11 are substantially larger than the openings they close, and that the actuation of the bass buttons 12 and the air key 34 via a linkage 14 and at least one pivot 15 is transmitted to the flap lid 9, 10, 11 ,

The treble mechanics of the harmonica shown in FIG. 2 has different length treble lever. The playability and ergonomics of the keyboard is therefore dependent on the currently playing row and is not the same across the entire keyboard. Absolute equality of playability and ergonomics can not be achieved here. The bass mechanics has swivel and axle joints. Experience has shown that after some time, these joints show signs of wear which - just like the indirect transmission of bass button 12 and air button 34 to the flap lid 9, 10, 11 through the joints - do not allow permanent and exact playability of the mechanism.

Fig. 3a shows a schematic, compared to the figure of FIG. 1 enlarged or exploded view of a preferred construction of the key lever 24 a, b, c, d according to the invention using the example of an open mechanism. Material and design of the key lever may differ in a hidden mechanism of the key levers 24 a, b, c, d shown here. The key lever 24 a, b, c, d are made of wood, plastic or similar materials for the part of the key lever from a key to about the axis of the lever. But steel, iron alloys, aluminum or aluminum alloys are used to make the complete key lever or for the part of the key lever from the axis to the flap lid.

The key lever 24 are mounted on the axles 22. The keys 23 are mounted on the key lever 24 at a distance L1 to the axis 22 and the flap cover 25 at the other end of the key lever 24 at a distance L2 to the axis 22. On the side of the keys 23, the compression springs 20 are attached, via the key lever 24th Press the flap lid 25 on the openings 26 of the treble floor 19. Both the lengths L1, L2 and the length ratios L1 / L2 of the four illustrated key levers 24a, b, c, d are approximately equal.

3b shows an exploded view of the construction of the key lever 24 a, b, c, d using the example of an open mechanism according to the prior art with keys 23, key lever 24 with compression springs 20 and flap cover 25. Both the lengths L1, L2 and the Length ratios L1 / L2 of the four key levers 24a, b, c, d are for the most part greatly different.

4a, 4b and 4c, the base part 33 according to the invention in each case in a schematic side view and corresponding staggered cross sections in a front view with the Helikonstimmplatten 2a and 2b, the reeds 3a and 3b, the Kanzellenräumen 1, the louvers 9, 10 11 and the bass keys 12 and the accompanying voice 4 with the voice plates 5 and the reeds 6 are shown.

In FIG. 4 a, the base part 33 is shown in a first variant, as already presented in connection with FIG. 1. In Fig. 4b, the same base part 33 is shown in a stouter design with a lower height corresponding to the usual proportions of a Styrian harmonica. 4c shows the base part 33 in a second variant. Both variants have in common that on the one hand both voice plates are in an air duct and the shaft width of the air duct is not wider or significantly wider than the width of the voice plate 2a of the fundamental, and that on the other the arrangement of the voice plates 2a and 2b with the associated Kanzellenräumen 1 and air ducts do not protrude into the bellows cavity.

In FIG. 4 a and in FIG. 4 b, the helicon tuning plates 2 a and 2 b are each provided with two reeds 3 a and 3 b, ie one for each air flow direction. The helicon tuning plate 2b is at least approximately perpendicular to the helicon tuning plate 2a and arranged so that both helicon tuning plates 2a, 2b are in the same air passage. FIG. 4c shows the representation of the base part 33 according to the invention in a second variant, according to which the second voice plate 2b lies parallel or nearly parallel over the first one.

The helicon tuning plate 2a has two reeds 3a, each with the basic tone of the bass to be generated. The reeds 3a are mounted so that one of the two reeds 3a responds only by the air flow by pulling and the other only by the air flow by pressing the base part. The voice plate 2b also has two reeds 3b having the same characteristics in pressing and pulling the base. The air flow is provided by both voice plates 2a, 2b by opening a flap 9, whereby both voice plates 2a, 2b with reeds 3a, 3b together produce a zweichörigen bass sound. It generates both in the designs according to FIGS. 4a and 4b which are preferably perpendicular to the voice board 2a and in the construction according to FIG. 4c preferably to the voice board 2a parallel voice plate 2b with air flow also the fundamental tone or optionally the first upper octave of to be produced Basstons.

According to the invention, both the helicon tuning plates 2a, 2b and the accompanying tuning stick 4 are arranged such that none of the components projects beyond the height of the base part or into the bellows cavity and the space between rear wall of the base part 33 and helicon tuning plate 2b as the cockpit space 1 to the voice plate 2b (As shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b) or as an air guide shaft to overhead voice plate 2b (as shown in FIG. 4c) is used. An opening which remains free between the Helikonstimmplatte 2 a and the rear wall of the base part 33, ensures the air supply to the chamber space 1 of the Helikonstimmplatte 2 b. The front views of Fig. 4a, 4b and 4c show that by maintaining the height of the base part 33, the full width of the base part 33 to below the folds of Balges 31 can be used. Both the section 1 and the section 2 shows a complete width of an air duct with two voice plates and two Kanzellenräumen 1, so that on the one hand each bass is zweichörig and on the other when using the full width of a Styrian harmonica in typical design a total of twelve Helikonbässe in the Instrument can be installed.

FIG. 5 a shows an embodiment of a base part 33 of a harmonica according to the prior art with two staggered cross sections. This is the front view of the base part 33 as it has already been shown in FIG. 2 as a side view. The Helikonstimmplatten 2 are here executed with four reeds, so two for each air flow direction and arranged side by side horizontally above the Kanzellenraum 1. The arranged in front of the Helikonstimmplatten 2 accompanying tympanic 4 with the voice plates 5 and reeds 6 protrudes into the Balgraum.

FIG. 5b shows an embodiment of a base part 33 of a harmonica according to the prior art with two offset cross sections in a front view, in which the accompanying voice stick is located in the rear part of the base part 33. The Helikonstimmplatten 2, which are executed here with four reeds, so two reeds for each air flow direction, are standing on both sides, ie rear and front, arranged a Helikonstimmstocks. In this illustration, only the front of Helikonstimmstock arranged Helikonstimmplatten 2 can be seen. The Helikonstimmplatten 2 protrude into the Balgraum so that the number is spatially limited laterally by the Balgfalten in the Balgraum.

FIG. 5c shows a further embodiment of a base part 33 of a harmonica according to the prior art with two staggered cross sections in a front view. The Helikonstimmplatten 2 a and 2 b are each executed with two reeds, so one for each air flow direction and on a Helikonstimmstock perpendicular to each other so arranged so that both Helikonstimmplatten 2 a, 2 b are in the same air passage. The Kanzellenräume 1 are generated by the parallel to the Helikonstimmplatten 2 a, 2 b partitions to the air duct. An opening at the level of attachment of the reeds 3a, 3b to the bass plates 2a, 2b allows the air flow to the air duct. In the front bass part sits in a remaining through the rectangular arrangement of Helikonstimmplatten cavity of the companion voice 4 with the voice plates 5 and the reeds. 6

In the embodiments of the bass part of a harmonica shown in FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c, it is not possible to install a number of more than 10 helicon basses or exclusively multi-channel helicopter basses, or only with an enlargement of the typical design.

The bass buttons 12 shown in FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c operate the louvers 9, 10 via a linkage 14 with at least one rotary or pivot joint 15 in such a way that the flap lids 9, 10 are turned outwards or downwards. The cavity used for this movement of the flap lid 9, 10 can not be used for the optimization of the arrangement of the Helikonstimmplatten 2 or 2a and 2b with respect to an increase in the number of Helikonstimmplatten 2 or 2a and 2b.

The numbering used in Figs. 5a, 5b and 5c are the same as those selected in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The rotary and axle joints 15 are numbered only as an example.

The invention has been explained here using the example of a diatonic or Styrian harmonica with four rows of keys in the treble part and two rows of keys in the bass part. The invention or parts thereof may, if necessary, after a slight adaptation, within the average of those skilled in the art is installed in any harmonica and accordion that has a treble mechanic with more than one row of keys or bass mechanics, or that has helicon basses with helicon tuning tongues, or that wants the sound quality of helicon basses.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment according to the invention of a separate subassembly of the bass flaps in two perspectives. On the left, the assembly can be seen in the closed state. A valve flap 51, a valve frame 50 and compression springs 51 replace the flap cover 9, the guide 40, the compression spring 41 and the adjusting ring 42 of FIGS. 1, 4a, 4b and 4c. The valve flap 51 has four guide rings, which are mounted on four guide rods of the valve frame 50. In the closed state, the valve flap 51 fits accurately and thus airtight in the recess of the valve frame 50 a. The valve frame 50 can be inserted into a corresponding cutout of a bass base 70 (see Fig. 7). Compression springs 52 are biased to hold the valve closed. On the right in the overall illustration of FIG. 6, this assembly can be seen in an opened side view.

FIG. 7 shows at the top the extract from an embodiment according to the invention of a chromatic chord mechanism using the assembly as shown in FIG. By pressing the chord button, a button slider 63 is moved, which rotates three or more or less of a total of twelve chord waves 61 via a driving pin 62 fixed to the button slider 63 and a shaft pin 60 fixed to a chord shaft 61. Each of the chord waves 61 is assigned to one of the twelve tones of the chromatic scale or actuates a corresponding chord flap to an opening with an arrangement of reeds to produce the tone. By the rotation of the chord shaft 61, a boom 59 connected thereto pushes the valve flap 51 coupled to the boom 59 out of the valve frame 50 and opens the air supply to the corresponding one Arrangement of reeds and reeds behind this opening.

In the overall illustration of FIG. 7 below, the extract from the embodiment of a chromatic bass mechanism according to the invention is shown.

By pressing a bass button, the button slider 63 is moved, which rotates one of usually twelve bass waves 68 and preferably also one of the usually twelve chord waves 61 via a driver pin 62 attached to the button slider 63 and a shaft pin 60 attached to a bass shaft 68 or chord wave 61. Each of the bass waves 68 is assigned to one of the twelve bass tones of a chromatic scale and actuates a corresponding bass flap to an opening with an array of reeds to create the bass. The additionally controlled chord wave allows the generation of the same tone in another octave. The rotation of the bass shaft 68, just as upon rotation of the chord shaft 61 a connected cantilever 59 is depressed, pushes the valve flap 51 coupled to the cantilever 59 out of the valve frame 51 and opens the air supply to the corresponding array of reeds and reeds behind that port ,

8, an excerpt of a chromatic chord mechanism according to the prior art is shown.

By pressing the chord button, the button slider 63 is moved, which rotates three of the twelve chord waves 61 via a driving pin 62 fixed to the button slider 63 and a shaft pin 60 fixed to a chord shaft 61. Each of the chord shafts 61 moves via a shaft pin 60 a finger slider 64 which moves a clavis lever 65 rotatably supported on a bearing shaft 66 such that the associated chord flap 67 releases an air opening to an array of reeds.

Fig. 8 below shows an excerpt from a chromatic bass mechanism according to the prior art. By pressing the chord button, the button slider 63 is moved, which rotates three of the twelve bass waves 68 via a driving pin 62 fastened to the button slider 63 and a shaft pin 60 fastened to a bass shaft 61. Each of the bass waves 61 moves via a shaft pin 60 a finger slide 64 which moves two clavis levers 65 rotatably mounted on a bearing shaft 66 such that the associated bass flap 69, together with an associated chord flap 67, opens air to an array of reeds releases.

The invention is illustrated by way of example only and not by way of example in the description and the drawing, but includes all variations, modifications, substitutions and combinations that the skilled person the present documents in particular in the context of the claims and the general representations in the introduction this description and the description of the embodiments and their representations in the drawing and combine with his expert knowledge and the prior art. In particular, all individual features and design options of the invention and its variants can be combined.

Claims (16)

Accordion or accordion, comprising a treble part (18) with a treble mechanics and a bass part (33) with a bass mechanics,
characterized,
that the treble mechanics and / or the bass mechanics are / is designed to ensure a direct and / or for all tones as uniform as possible addressing the sound production. Harmonica or accordion according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that the treble mechanics comprise at least two rows of key levers (24a, b, c, d) which are pivotably mounted on parallel axes (22) and with respect to the respective axis on one side at a key spacing (L1) from the respective axis (Fig. 22) keys (23 a, b, c, d) and on the other side in a flap distance (L2) of the respective axis (22) flap lid (25) are assigned, and
that with respect to different rows of keys levers (24 a, b, c, d) the key spacings (L1) are at least approximately equal distances and the flap (L2) is at least approximately equal. Harmonica or accordion according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
in that the treble mechanics comprise at least two rows of key levers (24a, b, c, d) on parallel axes (22) are pivotally mounted and those with respect to the respective axis on one side in a key spacing (L1) from the respective axis (22) keys (23 a, b, c, d) and on the other side in a flap distance (L2) from the respective axis (22) flap lid (25) are assigned, and
that with respect to different rows of keys levers (24 a, b, c, d) the length ratios L1 / L2 of the keys distances (L1) to the flaps intervals (L2) are at least approximately equal. Harmonica or accordion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the treble part (18) with the treble mechanics contains keys (23a, b, c, d) arranged on at least two rows of key levers (24a, b, c, d), the key levers (24a, b, c, d) d) of the keys (23 a, b, c, d) of a row on a common axis (22) are pivotally mounted and by means of flap lids (25) openings (26) in a Diskantboden (19) to lying behind vocal sticks (27) Locking plates (28) and reeds (29) and release upon actuation of the associated button (23 a, b, c, d), and / or
in that the bass part (33) comprises the bass mechanism with flap lids (9, 10, 11) and linkages (14), keys (12) and an array of reed plates (2a, 2b) and reeds (3a, 3b), via actuation a key (12) a corresponding air passage to the voice plates (2a, 2b) and reeds (3a, 3b) is released. Harmonica or accordion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the treble mechanics at least two rows of key levers (24 a, b, c, d), which are pivotally mounted on parallel axes (22), and that in the treble part (18) a treble bottom (19) is shaped so that each axis (22) in or nearly parallel to the plane passing through the closing surface of a flap lid (25), the key lever (24 a, b, c, d) on exactly this Axis is stored, is clamped, lies. Harmonica or accordion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the base part (33) contains flap lids (9, 10, 11) which are pressed into the interior of the instrument by means of a push linkage (14) for opening air ducts, and in that the push linkage activates the actuation of keys (12) in particular free from pivoting and pivoting axes Flap lid (9, 10, 11) transmits. Harmonica or accordion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that in the base part (33) flap cover (9, 10, 11) are provided, which are conically shaped and in not pressed keys (12, 34) in accordance with the flap lids (9, 10, 11) sink conically shaped openings. Harmonica or accordion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that in the base part (33) an arrangement of helicon tuning plates is selected so that in conventional construction without significant change in the instrument-typical size more than 10 zweichörige helicopter basses can be installed. Harmonica or accordion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that in the base part (33) an arrangement of Helikonstimmplatten is chosen so that in conventional construction without significant change in size and the same number of Heliconbässe a significant gain in space inside the instrument is to bring about. Harmonica or accordion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that in the base part (33) the width of air ducts and of the chamber spaces (1) is not substantially greater than the width of helicon tuning plates each with only one reed for an air flow direction, which are preferably arranged at least approximately perpendicular to one another in the manner in which in that a voice plate (2a), which lies horizontally at the upper edge of the base part (33) and leaves on its side directed towards the back of the instrument a sufficiently large air opening for a second voice plate (2b) seated behind this opening, this second voice plate (2b) is installed so that no component necessary for the generation of the bass sounds is higher than the bass part (33) itself and not in the hollow space of a bellows disposed between the bass part (33) and the treble part (18) ( 31) and in particular at the same time each of the bass is zweichörig. Harmonica or accordion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that a cavity arising between the rear side of the base part (33) and a preferably at least almost perpendicularly standing voice plate (2b) is available or used as a cell room (1). Harmonica or accordion according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized,
that in the bass part (33) the width of air channels, and for comb chambers (1) is not substantially greater than the width of executed with only one reed for an air flow direction Helikonstimmplatten, which are preferably approximately parallel upright arranged at least in the manner that to a voice plate (2a), which is horizontal and on its rear side of the instrument side facing a sufficiently large air opening for a behind this opening sitting second voice plate (2b), this second voice plate (2b) is installed, so that no Component, which is necessary for the generation of bass tones, is higher than the base part (33) itself and does not protrude into the cavity of a between the base part (33) and the Diskantteil (18) arranged bellows (31) and in particular at the same time each of the basses is two-ranked. Harmonica or accordion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that in the base part (33) standing or lying voice plates (2b) have reeds (3b) with the same root and the same length as reeds (3a) of the same air duct. Harmonica or accordion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that in the base part (33) standing or lying voice plates (2b) have reeds (3b) with the same root note and shorter length than reeds (3a) of the same air duct. Harmonica or accordion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that in the base part (33) standing voice plates (2b) have reeds (3b) with the first upper octave to the root of the shorter and shorter length as reeds (3a) of a same air duct. Harmonica or accordion according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that in the base part (33) accompanying stanchions (4) are provided, of which at least one does not exceed the height of the base part (33) and does not project into the cavity of a bellows (31) arranged between the base part (33) and the treble part (18) ,

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